[ Home | About | Licence | About author | Contact ]

Written by Oleksandr Gavenko (AKA gavenkoa), compiled at 2015-10-05 from rev 764bb173578d.

Apt.

Contents

• Apt.
  • Conf files.
  • Debian releases.
  • Setup backport.
  • Getting new keys for packages.
  • Install build dependency for package.
  • Delete config file for removed packages.
  • Delete obsolete packages.
  • Clean up packages cache.
  • Check package files for modification.
  • Search for packages.
  • Find nearest mirror.
  • Show dependency graph.

Conf files.

See man sources.list(5), apt.conf(5), apt_preferences(5).

/etc/apt/sources.list:

deb http://ftp.debian.org.ua/debian/ stable main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp2.debian.org.ua/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp2.debian.org.ua/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free
deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org testing main non-free

/etc/apt/preferences:

Package: *
Pin: release a=stable
Pin-Priority: 800

Package: *
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 900

Package: *
Pin: release a=unstable
Pin-Priority: 700

Package: *
Pin: release a=experimental
Pin-Priority: 600

Debian releases.

Workflow:

experimental → unstable (sid) → testing → stable

Which package from witch release:

 $ aptitude search ~S~i~Astable
 $ aptitude search ~S~i~Atesting
 $ aptitude search ~S~i~Aunstable
 $ aptitude search ~S~i~Aexperimental

* https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases
* https://wiki.debian.org/DebianOldStable
* https://wiki.debian.org/DebianStable
* https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTesting
* https://wiki.debian.org/DebianUnstable
* https://wiki.debian.org/DebianExperimental

Setup backport.

Main backports archive located at http://www.backports.org.

To get packeges gpg sign key:

$ su
...
$ wget -O - http://backports.org/debian/archive.key | apt-key add -
$ ^D

Write where packeges places:

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://www.backports.org/debian/ etch-backports main contrib non-free

Getting new keys for packages.

$ sudo apt-get update
...
W: There is no public key available for the following key IDs:
9AA38DCD55BE302B
W: GPG error: http://http.us.debian.org etch Release: The following signatures
couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY
9AA38DCD55BE302B
...

$ gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-key 9AA38DCD55BE302B \
--keyserver-options http-proxy=http://user:pass@192.168.1.1:3128
gpg: requesting key 55BE302B from hkp server pgp.mit.edu
gpg: key 55BE302B: public key "Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (5.0/lenny) <ftpmaster@debian.org>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

$ gpg --export 9AA38DCD55BE302B | sudo apt-key add -
OK

Install build dependency for package.

$ apt-get install build-essential    # install dev LIBC and GCC C/C++
$ sudo apt-get build-dep $package

If all you want is checking what packages are needed to build a given package:

$ apt-cache showsrc $package

or check ‘Build-Depends’ attribute in:

$ apt-cache show $package

Delete config file for removed packages.

To get list of such packages use one of:

$ aptitude search ~c
$ grep-status -n -sPackage -FStatus config-files

To remove them:

$ aptitude purge ~c

Delete obsolete packages.

To get list of such packages use:

$ aptitude search ~o

To remove them:

$ aptitude purge ~o

To remove packages that were automatically installed to satisfy dependencies and are now no longer needed:

$ sudo apt-get autoremove

Clean up packages cache.

Remove everything from /var/cache/apt/archives/ and /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/:

$ sudo apt-get clean

Removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely useless:

$ sudo apt-get autoclean

Check package files for modification.

$ sudo debsums --changed

Search for packages.

$ aptitude search '?tag(works-with::logfile)'

Find nearest mirror.

$ sudo apt-get install netselect-apt
$ netselect-apt stable
$ netselect-apt testing
$ netselect-apt unstable
$ netselect-apt experimental
$ netselect-apt sid

Show dependency graph.

$ apt-cache dotty $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg

$ sudo apt-get install debtree
$ debtree $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg

$ sudo apt-get install apt-rdepends
$ apt-rdepends $PKG
$ apt-rdepends -r $PKG
$ apt-rdepends -d $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg
$ apt-rdepends -d -r $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg